Kidney Stones

 

Kidney calculi, the medical term for these hard deposits that develop in the kidneys, are caused by highly concentrated substances in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus, crystallising and building up over time into solid masses that can range in size from a grain of sand to a large stone the size of a golf ball.

Dehydration, a diet high in specific minerals, a family history, and certain medical conditions affecting the urinary system are some of the factors that can lead to the formation of kidney stones. The symptoms of kidney stones typically include severe pain in the lower abdomen, groyne, or back or side, along with hematuria (blood in the urine), frequent urination, and a feeling of urgency when urinating.

The course of treatment for kidney stones varies depending on the size, composition, and severity of the stone's symptoms. Small stones can be passed through the urinary tract with increased fluid intake and pain management, while larger stones may need to be removed surgically or treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or both.

Kidney stone prevention usually entails lifestyle modifications, such as drinking lots of water to stay hydrated, eating a balanced diet, and managing conditions that increase the risk of stone formation. People who are at risk of kidney stones can monitor their kidney health and take the necessary preventive action by having regular medical check-ups and consultations with a healthcare provider.